Cor Vasa 2026, 68(3):279-285

Comparison of Corrected QT Interval Formulas in Indonesian Athletes: An Analysis between Endurance and Non-Endurance Sport

Kevin Lukea, b, Meity Ardianaa, b, Sotar Suhat Asi Sinagaa, b, Pandit Bagus Tri Saputraa, b, Nabilah Hanifah Muktia, b, Rivaldo Brahmantio Hardania, b
a Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
b Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Aim: This study evaluates the stability of commonly used QT interval correction among Indonesian athletes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 319 Indonesian athletes undergoing pre-participation ECG screening in 2024. Absolute QT, RR interval, and HR were extracted and corrected using Bazett, Fridericia, Hodges, and Framingham formulas. Linear regression was performed to assess HR dependency through slope and R2 value. Comparative evaluations were conducted between endurance and non-endurance sports.

Results: Most of the athletes were male (59.9%), with a median age of 22 years, a median HR of 68 bpm, and participated in non-endurance sports (74.3%). Fridericia was the most stable formula (R2 = 0.02916), yet the pairwise comparison showed no significant difference with Hodges and Framingham. These formulas were significantly deviated from the horizontal zero lines. Sub-analysis in the endurance group showed that Fridericia correction was the most stable and did not significantly deviate from the zero lines (R2 = 0.0002735, p = 0.88), while the stability of the Fridericia was reduced in the non-endurance group (R2 = 0.06966, p <0.001). This trend was also observed in the Hodges and Framingham correction. The pairwise analysis showed no substantial difference between Fridericia, Hodges, and Framingham in both groups.

Conclusion: The Fridericia demonstrated the most stable QT interval correction in both endurance and non-endurance sport, supporting its application for Indonesian athletes.

Keywords: Arrhythmia, Athlete heart, Cardiovascular screening, QT interval

Received: March 17, 2026; Revised: March 17, 2026; Accepted: May 6, 2026; Prepublished online: June 2, 2012; Published: July 1, 2026  Show citation

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Luke K, Ardiana M, Sinaga SSA, Bagus Tri Saputra P, Mukti NH, Hardani RB. Comparison of Corrected QT Interval Formulas in Indonesian Athletes: An Analysis between Endurance and Non-Endurance Sport. Cor Vasa. 2026;68(3):279-285.
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